What it is:
A common form of superficial vein dysfunction, where veins — usually in the legs — become enlarged, twisted, and dark blue or purple. While often seen as a cosmetic concern, varicose veins can signal deeper circulatory issues.
Symptoms:
- Bulging, raised veins under the skin
- Itching, burning, or throbbing around the veins
- Leg fatigue or restlessness
- Worsening discomfort after long periods of standing
Risk factors:
- Genetics
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Prolonged sitting or standing
Note: While not always dangerous, varicose veins can progress to CVI or DVT if ignored.
3. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
What it is:
A life-threatening condition where a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the leg or thigh. While the clot itself isn’t visible, it can cause surface veins to become more prominent due to blocked blood flow and swelling.
Warning signs:
- Sudden swelling in one leg (not both)
- Pain or tenderness, often starting in the calf
- Warmth and redness over the affected area
- Visible, engorged veins
Urgent: DVT is a medical emergency.
If the clot breaks loose, it can travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism — a potentially fatal condition.
Seek immediate medical help if you experience these symptoms.
4. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
What it is:
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